Simba 3D Engine

[ReadySteadyGo]

A simple 3D Rendering engine that loads the .obj file format and displays 3D models.

Screenshot:
http://i.imgur.com/vOgVU.png

program new;

const
FILE_NAME = 'monkey.obj';

SCREEN_WIDTH = 600;
SCREEN_HEIGHT = 400;

type

TPoint3D = record
x, y, z: Extended;
end;
TVector3D = TPoint3D;

TMatrix3x3 = record
Data: Array of Extended;
end;

TMatrix4x4 = record
Data: Array[0..15] of Extended;
end;

TTriangleFace = record
a, b, c: Integer;
end;

TEntity = record
Name: String;
Vertices: Array of TPoint3D;
VertexNormals: Array of TPoint3D;
Faces: Array of TTriangleFace;
FaceNormals: Array of TVector3D;
WorldPosition: TPoint3D;
end;

TLight = record
Direction: TVector3D;
end;


var
MainForm: TForm;
StartButton: TButton;


function Point3D(x, y, z: Extended): TPoint3D;
begin
Result.x := x;
Result.y := y;
Result.z := z;
end;

function Vector3D(x, y, z: Extended): TVector3D;
begin
Result.x := x;
Result.y := y;
Result.z := z;
end;

function Multiply_Point3D_Matrix3x3(p: TPoint3D; m: TMatrix3x3): TPoint3D;
begin
Result.x := (m.Data[0] * p.x) + (m.Data[1] * p.y) + (m.Data[2] * p.z);
Result.y := (m.Data[3] * p.x) + (m.Data[4] * p.y) + (m.Data[5] * p.z);
Result.z := (m.Data[6] * p.x) + (m.Data[7] * p.y) + (m.Data[8] * p.z);
end;

function DeclareLighting: Array of TLight;
begin
SetLength(Result, 1);

Result[0].Direction := Vector3D(-2.0, 2.0, 2.0);
end;

procedure DrawLine(c: TCanvas; p1, p2: TPoint; Color: Integer);
begin
c.Pen.Color := Color;
c.MoveTo(p1.x, p1.y);
c.LineTo(p2.x, p2.y);
end;

procedure DrawPixel(c: TCanvas; x, y, Color: Integer);
begin
DrawLine(c, Point(x, y), Point(x, y+1), Color);
end;



procedure DrawTriangleF(const Canvas: TCanvas; const p1, p2, p3: TPoint; Color: Integer);
var
DxyLeft, DxyRight, xs, xe, tv1, tv2: Extended;
i: Integer;
begin
tv1 := (p3.x-p1.x);
tv2 := (p3.y-p1.y);
DxyLeft := tv1/tv2;
tv1 := p2.x-p1.x;
tv2 := p2.y-p1.y;
DxyRight := tv1/tv2;

xs := p1.x;
xe := p1.x;

if p1.y < p2.y then
for i := p1.y to p2.y do
begin
DrawLine(Canvas, Point(round(xs), i), Point(round(xe), i), Color);
xs := xs + DxyLeft;
xe := xe + DxyRight;
end
else
for i := p1.y downto p2.y do
begin
DrawLine(Canvas, Point(Round(xs), i), Point(Round(xe), i), Color);
xs := xs - DxyLeft;
xe := xe - DxyRight;
end;
end;

procedure DrawTriangle(const Canvas: TCanvas; const p1, p2, p3: TPoint; Color: Integer);
var
tv1, tv2, dxy: Extended;
tpay: TPointArray;
FourthPoint: TPoint;
begin
tpay := [p1, p2, p3];

SortTPAByY(tpay, True);

if (tpay[0].y = tpay[1].y) and (tpay[0].y = tpay[2].y) and (tpay[1].y = tpay[2].y) then
Exit;

if (tpay[0].y = tpay[1].y) then
begin
DrawTriangleF(Canvas, tpay[2], tpay[0], tpay[1], Color);
Exit;
end else
if (tpay[1].y = tpay[2].y) then
begin
DrawTriangleF(Canvas, tpay[0], tpay[1], tpay[2], Color);
Exit;
end;

tv1 := (tpay[2].x-tpay[0].x);
tv2 := (tpay[2].y-tpay[0].y);
dxy := tv1/tv2;

FourthPoint := Point(Round(tpay[0].x + (dxy * (tpay[1].y - tpay[0].y))), tpay[1].y);

DrawTriangleF(Canvas, tpay[0], FourthPoint, tpay[1], Color);
DrawTriangleF(Canvas, tpay[2], tpay[1], FourthPoint, Color);

end;

function SplitRegExprEx(Expr, Data: string): TStringArray;
var
DataArr: TStringList;
I: integer;
begin
DataArr := TStringList.Create;
try
SplitRegExpr(Expr, Data, DataArr);
SetArrayLength(Result, DataArr.Count);
for I := 0 to DataArr.Count - 1 do
Result[I] := DataArr.Strings[I];
finally
DataArr.Free;
end;
end;

function CombineStringArrays(const a: Array of TStringArray): TStringArray;
var
i, j, c, l, h: Integer;
begin
h := High(a);
for i := 0 to h do
IncEx(l, Length(a[i]));

SetLength(Result, l);

c := 0;

for i := 0 to h do
for j := 0 to High(a[i]) do
begin
Result[c] := a[i][j];
Inc(c);
end;
end;

function LoadEntity(FileName: String): TEntity;
var
OBJFile: Longint;
OBJString: String;
i, j, c, a, b, f, SLength, tl: integer;
S: TStringArray;
SL: Array of TStringArray;
Face: TStringArray;
TmpVertexNormals: Array of TVector3D;
begin
OBJFile := OpenFile(FileName, True);
ReadFileString(OBJFile, OBJString, FileSize(OBJFile));
CloseFile(OBJFile);
S := SplitRegExprEx('\n', OBJString);

SLength := Length(S);
SetLength(SL, SLength);

c := 0;

for i := 0 to SLength-1 do
begin
if Length(S[i]) <> 0 then
if not ExecRegExpr('#', S[i]) then
begin
SL[c] := SplitRegExprEx('\s', S[i]);
Inc(c);
end;
end;

SetLength(SL, c);
tl := Length(SL);
SetLength(Result.Vertices, tl);
SetLength(TmpVertexNormals, tl);
SetLength(Result.Faces, tl);
SetLength(Result.VertexNormals, tl);

a := 0;
b := 0;
f := 0;
for i := 0 to c-1 do

if SL[i][0] = 'v' then
begin
Result.Vertices[a] := Point3d(StrToFloat(SL[i][1]), StrToFloat(SL[i][2]), StrToFloat(SL[i][3]));
Inc(a);
end else

if SL[i][0] = 'vn' then
begin
TmpVertexNormals[b] := Vector3d(StrToFloat(SL[i][1]), StrToFloat(SL[i][2]), StrToFloat(SL[i][3]));
Inc(b);
end else

if SL[i][0] = 'f' then
begin
Face := CombineStringArrays([SplitRegExprEx('\/', SL[i][1]),
SplitRegExprEx('\/', SL[i][2]),
SplitRegExprEx('\/', SL[i][3])]);

Result.Faces[f].a := StrToInt(Face[0])-1;
Result.Faces[f].b := StrToInt(Face[3])-1;
Result.Faces[f].c := StrToInt(Face[6])-1;

//WriteLn(Result.Faces[f]);
Result.VertexNormals[Result.Faces[f].a] := TmpVertexNormals[StrToInt(Face[2])-1];
Result.VertexNormals[Result.Faces[f].b] := TmpVertexNormals[StrToInt(Face[5])-1];
Result.VertexNormals[Result.Faces[f].c] := TmpVertexNormals[StrToInt(Face[8])-1];

Inc(f);
end;

SetLength(Result.Vertices, a);
SetLength(Result.VertexNormals, b);
SetLength(Result.Faces, f);
Result.Name := FILE_NAME;
Result.WorldPosition := Point3D(0, 0, 5.0);
end;

function PerspectiveProject(Vertices: Array of TPoint3D): TPointArray;
var
h, i: Integer;
begin
SetLength(Result, Length(Vertices));
h := High(Vertices);

for i := 0 to h do
with Result[i] do
begin
x := Round((Vertices[i].x * (1.0 / Vertices[i].z)) * 400);
y := Round((Vertices[i].y * (1.0 / Vertices[i].z)) * 400);
end;
end;

function RotatePointsY(p: Array of TPoint3D; pheta{radians}: Extended): Array of TPoint3D;
var
m: TMatrix3x3;
i, l: integer;
begin
SetLength(m.Data, 9);
m.Data := [Cos(pheta), 0, Sin(pheta),
0, 1, 0,
-Sin(pheta), 0, Cos(pheta)];
//WriteLn(p);

l := Length(p);
SetLength(Result, l);
for i := 0 to l-1 do
Result[i] := Multiply_Point3D_Matrix3x3(p[i], m);

//WriteLn(Result);
end;

function V_Subtract(vr1, vr2: TVector3D): TVector3D;
begin
Result.x := vr1.x - vr2.x;
Result.y := vr1.y - vr2.y;
Result.z := vr1.z - vr2.z;
end;

function Dot(vr1, vr2: TVector3D): Extended;
begin
Result := vr1.x * vr2.x + vr1.y * vr2.y + vr1.z * vr2.z;
end;

function Cross(vr1, vr2: TVector3D): TVector3D;
begin
Result := Vector3D( (vr1.y * vr2.z) - (vr1.z * vr2.y),
(vr1.z * vr2.x) - (vr1.x * vr2.z),
(vr1.x * vr2.y) - (vr1.y * vr2.x));
end;

function BackfaceCull(var e: TEntity): array of Boolean;
var
u, v, FaceNormal, CameraVector: TVector3D;
p1, p2, p3: TPoint3D;
i, Len: Integer;
Check: Extended;
begin
Len := Length(e.Faces);
SetLength(Result, Len);
SetLength(e.FaceNormals, Len);
for i := 0 to Len-1 do
begin
p1 := e.Vertices[e.Faces[i].a];
p2 := e.Vertices[e.Faces[i].b];
p3 := e.Vertices[e.Faces[i].c];
u := V_Subtract(p2, p1);
v := V_Subtract(p3, p1);

e.FaceNormals[i] := Cross(u, v);

CameraVector := Vector3D(0, 0, 1);

Check := Dot(e.FaceNormals[i], CameraVector);

Result[i] := Check >= 0;
end;
end;

function CalculateFaceColor(FaceNormal: TVector3D; Lighting: Array of TLight): Integer;
var
Len, i: Integer;
a: Extended;
begin
Len := Length(Lighting);
for i := 0 to Len-1 do
a := Dot(Lighting[i].Direction, FaceNormal);

Result := HSLToColor(1, 0, 100 - (100*a)*1.6);
end;

procedure Render(Sender: TObject);
var
Cube: TEntity;
i, j, L, Offsetx, Offsety, t, fp1, fp2, FaceColor: Integer;
mbmp: TMufasaBitmap;
tbmp: TBitmap;
CubePoints: TPointArray;
p1, p2: TPoint;
Backfaces: Array of Boolean;
Lighting: Array of TLight;
begin

Cube := LoadEntity(FILE_NAME);
Lighting := DeclareLighting;
t := GetSystemTime;

L := Length(Cube.Vertices);

Cube.Vertices := RotatePointsY(Cube.Vertices, radians(180.0));

Backfaces := BackfaceCull(Cube);

for i := 0 to L-1 do // change to Matrix transformation if speed permits
begin
Cube.Vertices[i].x := Cube.Vertices[i].x + Cube.WorldPosition.x;
Cube.Vertices[i].y := Cube.Vertices[i].y + Cube.WorldPosition.y;
Cube.Vertices[i].z := Cube.Vertices[i].z + Cube.WorldPosition.z;
end;




//WriteLn(Cube.Vertices);
CubePoints := PerspectiveProject(Cube.Vertices);

Offsetx := SCREEN_WIDTH / 2;
Offsety := SCREEN_HEIGHT / 2;

for i := 0 to L - 1 do
begin
CubePoints[i].x := CubePoints[i].x + Offsetx;
CubePoints[i].y := (-CubePoints[i].y) + Offsety;
end;

mbmp := TMufasaBitmap.Create;
mbmp.SetSize(SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT);
//mbmp.DrawTPA(CubePoints, clWhite);
tbmp := mbmp.ToTBitmap;

//WriteLn(CubePoints[Cube.Faces[2].b]);

for i := 0 to High(Cube.Faces) do
begin
if Backfaces[i] then
Continue;
FaceColor := CalculateFaceColor(Cube.FaceNormals[i], Lighting);
DrawTriangle(tbmp.Canvas, CubePoints[Cube.Faces[i].a], CubePoints[Cube.Faces[i].b], CubePoints[Cube.Faces[i].c], FaceColor);
//WriteLn(Cube.FaceNormals[i]);
{for j := 0 to 2 do
begin
fp1 := j;
fp2 := (j+1) mod 3;
//Writeln(i);
case fp1 of
0: p1 := CubePoints[Cube.Faces[i].a];
1: p1 := CubePoints[Cube.Faces[i].b];
2: p1 := CubePoints[Cube.Faces[i].c];
end;
case fp2 of
0: p2 := CubePoints[Cube.Faces[i].a];
1: p2 := CubePoints[Cube.Faces[i].b];
2: p2 := CubePoints[Cube.Faces[i].c];
end;
//writeln(p1);
DrawLine(tbmp.Canvas, p1, p2, clBlack);
end; }
end;

mbmp.LoadFromTBitmap(tbmp);
mbmp.DrawToCanvas(0, 0, MainForm.Canvas);
WriteLn(GetSystemTime - t);
end;

procedure InitForm;
begin
MainForm := TForm.Create(nil);

with MainForm do
begin
Caption := 'Pumbaa';
Width := SCREEN_WIDTH;
Height := SCREEN_HEIGHT;
Position := poScreenCenter;
end;

StartButton := TButton.Create(MainForm);
with StartButton do
begin
Parent := MainForm;
Caption := 'Start';
OnClick := @Render;
end;



end;

procedure SafeInitForm;
var
v: TVariantArray;
begin
setarraylength(V, 0);
ThreadSafeCall('InitForm', v);
end;

procedure ShowFormModal;
begin
MainForm.ShowModal;
end;

procedure SafeShowFormModal;
var
v: TVariantArray;
begin
setarraylength(V, 0);
ThreadSafeCall('ShowFormModal', v);
end;

procedure ShowForm;
begin
SafeInitForm;
SafeShowFormModal;
end;

begin
ShowForm;
end.

Save the following as "monkey.obj" in the same directory as you save the above:


# Blender v2.61 (sub 0) OBJ File: ''
# www.blender.org
o Monkey
v 0.437500 0.176654 0.762818
v -0.437500 0.176654 0.762818
v 0.500000 0.105064 0.685862
v -0.500000 0.105064 0.685862
v 0.546875 0.064205 0.577146
v -0.546875 0.064205 0.577146
v 0.351562 -0.013266 0.617490
v -0.351562 -0.013266 0.617490
v 0.351562 0.043087 0.718138
v -0.351562 0.043087 0.718138
v 0.351562 0.145666 0.778956
v -0.351562 0.145666 0.778956
v 0.273438 0.177169 0.794064
v -0.273438 0.177169 0.794064
v 0.203125 0.105965 0.740542
v -0.203125 0.105965 0.740542
v 0.156250 0.065363 0.647449
v -0.156250 0.065363 0.647449
v 0.078125 0.252966 0.652171
v -0.078125 0.252966 0.652171
v 0.140625 0.254382 0.738097
v -0.140625 0.254382 0.738097
v 0.242188 0.255283 0.792777
v -0.242188 0.255283 0.792777
v 0.273438 0.341209 0.791361
v -0.273438 0.341209 0.791361
v 0.203125 0.402800 0.735651
v -0.203125 0.402800 0.735651
v 0.156250 0.448124 0.641142
v -0.156250 0.448124 0.641142
v 0.351562 0.525723 0.608609
v -0.351562 0.525723 0.608609
v 0.351562 0.464905 0.711187
v -0.351562 0.464905 0.711187
v 0.351562 0.372197 0.775223
v -0.351562 0.372197 0.775223
v 0.437500 0.340694 0.760115
v -0.437500 0.340694 0.760115
v 0.500000 0.401899 0.680971
v -0.500000 0.401899 0.680971
v 0.546875 0.446965 0.570839
v -0.546875 0.446965 0.570839
v 0.625000 0.251422 0.558434
v -0.625000 0.251422 0.558434
v 0.562500 0.253224 0.667794
v -0.562500 0.253224 0.667794
v 0.468750 0.254640 0.753720
v -0.468750 0.254640 0.753720
v 0.476562 0.254897 0.769342
v -0.476562 0.254897 0.769342
v 0.445312 0.348763 0.775609
v -0.445312 0.348763 0.775609
v 0.351562 0.388206 0.798400
v -0.351562 0.388206 0.798400
v 0.265625 0.349407 0.814667
v -0.265625 0.349407 0.814667
v 0.226562 0.255669 0.816211
v -0.226562 0.255669 0.816211
v 0.265625 0.169743 0.817627
v -0.265625 0.169743 0.817627
v 0.351562 0.255798 0.824023
v -0.351562 0.255798 0.824023
v 0.351562 0.130429 0.802648
v -0.351562 0.130429 0.802648
v 0.445312 0.169100 0.778570
v -0.445312 0.169100 0.778570
v 0.000000 0.441857 0.735008
v 0.000000 0.365029 0.814409
v 0.000000 -0.667496 0.745473
v 0.000000 -0.307398 0.786421
v 0.000000 -0.174346 0.799856
v 0.000000 -0.761491 0.731395
v 0.000000 0.416106 0.594788
v 0.000000 0.579631 0.560839
v 0.000000 0.889306 -0.561603
v 0.000000 0.548394 -0.860714
v 0.000000 0.056660 -0.829171
v 0.000000 -0.388553 -0.345208
v 0.203125 -0.178207 0.565513
v -0.203125 -0.178207 0.565513
v 0.312500 -0.428045 0.577443
v -0.312500 -0.428045 0.577443
v 0.351562 -0.685822 0.581690
v -0.351562 -0.685822 0.581690
v 0.367188 -0.881752 0.545851
v -0.367188 -0.881752 0.545851
v 0.328125 -0.936561 0.538940
v -0.328125 -0.936561 0.538940
v 0.179688 -0.959480 0.570572
v -0.179688 -0.959480 0.570572
v 0.000000 -0.974717 0.594264
v 0.437500 -0.131854 0.533495
v -0.437500 -0.131854 0.533495
v 0.632812 -0.030176 0.539633
v -0.632812 -0.030176 0.539633
v 0.828125 0.155754 0.442807
v -0.828125 0.155754 0.442807
v 0.859375 0.439411 0.586590
v -0.859375 0.439411 0.586590
v 0.710938 0.494606 0.616935
v -0.710938 0.494606 0.616935
v 0.492188 0.612807 0.677496
v -0.492188 0.612807 0.677496
v 0.320312 0.769808 0.721790
v -0.320312 0.769808 0.721790
v 0.156250 0.731137 0.745868
v -0.156250 0.731137 0.745868
v 0.062500 0.504477 0.741789
v -0.062500 0.504477 0.741789
v 0.164062 0.426749 0.766511
v -0.164062 0.426749 0.766511
v 0.125000 0.317260 0.760501
v -0.125000 0.317260 0.760501
v 0.203125 0.105965 0.740542
v -0.203125 0.105965 0.740542
v 0.375000 0.027207 0.702772
v -0.375000 0.027207 0.702772
v 0.492188 0.073561 0.670754
v -0.492188 0.073561 0.670754
v 0.625000 0.198158 0.645260
v -0.625000 0.198158 0.645260
v 0.640625 0.307518 0.643458
v -0.640625 0.307518 0.643458
v 0.601562 0.385890 0.657794
v -0.601562 0.385890 0.657794
v 0.429688 0.449282 0.711445
v -0.429688 0.449282 0.711445
v 0.250000 0.481171 0.749987
v -0.250000 0.481171 0.749987
v 0.000000 -0.753422 0.746889
v 0.109375 -0.706554 0.746117
v -0.109375 -0.706554 0.746117
v 0.117188 -0.824111 0.724613
v -0.117188 -0.824111 0.724613
v 0.062500 -0.871237 0.709763
v -0.062500 -0.871237 0.709763
v 0.000000 -0.879178 0.702080
v 0.000000 -0.182930 0.753116
v 0.000000 -0.128378 0.744404
v 0.101562 -0.136190 0.744532
v -0.101562 -0.136190 0.744532
v 0.125000 -0.214175 0.753631
v -0.125000 -0.214175 0.753631
v 0.085938 -0.276796 0.746849
v -0.085938 -0.276796 0.746849
v 0.398438 -0.035799 0.672556
v -0.398438 -0.035799 0.672556
v 0.617188 0.064977 0.624014
v -0.617188 0.064977 0.624014
v 0.726562 0.213008 0.598134
v -0.726562 0.213008 0.598134
v 0.742188 0.385761 0.649983
v -0.742188 0.385761 0.649983
v 0.687500 0.425976 0.719642
v -0.687500 0.425976 0.719642
v 0.437500 0.559929 0.787757
v -0.437500 0.559929 0.787757
v 0.312500 0.654310 0.825270
v -0.312500 0.654310 0.825270
v 0.203125 0.631133 0.841279
v -0.203125 0.631133 0.841279
v 0.101562 0.443530 0.836556
v -0.101562 0.443530 0.836556
v 0.125000 -0.088163 0.814063
v -0.125000 -0.088163 0.814063
v 0.210938 -0.433539 0.718177
v -0.210938 -0.433539 0.718177
v 0.250000 -0.691703 0.698991
v -0.250000 -0.691703 0.698991
v 0.265625 -0.809261 0.677487
v -0.265625 -0.809261 0.677487
v 0.234375 -0.903513 0.647786
v -0.234375 -0.903513 0.647786
v 0.164062 -0.919136 0.648043
v -0.164062 -0.919136 0.648043
v 0.000000 -0.934630 0.656112
v 0.000000 0.058839 0.725692
v 0.000000 0.223523 0.762046
v 0.328125 0.488725 0.734235
v -0.328125 0.488725 0.734235
v 0.164062 0.152962 0.747581
v -0.164062 0.152962 0.747581
v 0.132812 0.223394 0.754234
v -0.132812 0.223394 0.754234
v 0.117188 -0.675308 0.745602
v -0.117188 -0.675308 0.745602
v 0.078125 -0.432896 0.757235
v -0.078125 -0.432896 0.757235
v 0.000000 -0.432896 0.757235
v 0.000000 -0.315853 0.747493
v 0.093750 -0.260529 0.785649
v -0.093750 -0.260529 0.785649
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s off
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[Brandon]

This looks epic!!!! I might do some secret work on it now that I know it's possible.. I asked this question before and not a single person besides DGBY and Richard knew what I was talking about..

My question was actually if simba can render 3D images so I can use Gouraud/Phong shading on it..

Try it! I will try it :)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phong_shading
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gouraud_shading

[ReadySteadyGo]

Gourad shading is easy, I've already started it. You just need the vertex normals (which my parser already stores) and rasterize triangles with interpolation between the 3 colours. Give me 10 minutes and I'll post an example. :P Phong will take far too long in Simba unfortunately.

I'm glad someone's interested. What would be very cool is to make a Simba Community game.

[maigel]

What would be very cool is to make a Simba Community game.

It would sure be an interesting project. But wouldn't making the game in simba make it very slow?

[momotron]

Ooooh this looks interesting *subscribes*

[nielsie95]

Very cool!

[ReadySteadyGo]

I did say 10 minutes, but I got stuck on interpolation. Thought people might find this interesting:
http://i.imgur.com/s3xdu.png

Will implement gouroud now.


Thanks everyone

[onilika]

wow, quite interesting! I used to do some stuff using Maya, but now I don't have it on computer. Might go back to it!
Anyways, the monkeys looks good! Keep on the road :D

~onilika

[[XoL]]

Very cool stuff, great work :D

[Sin]

Gourad shading is easy, I've already started it. You just need the vertex normals (which my parser already stores) and rasterize triangles with interpolation between the 3 colours.

Wat.

[grats]

woo the blender monkey!


and yea that would be cool to have a community simba game, like blender has that game they've been working on

what genre?

[Zyt3x]

How fast is it?

E: That is actually pretty fast..! Well done! now add rotation :D

[jakeyboy29]

Threads like this make me feel so retarded

[ReadySteadyGo]

Thank you for the comments guys :)

Gouraud implementation:
Looks absolutely dreadful, it could be to do with the Z order. I'm also not sure how all the smudges are being formed. I think I need to try with simpler models so I can be sure I have the basics right.

I also played around with the colour and rotation a little bit. I'm getting ghost colours so I'm not sure if I've fudged a calculation somewhere.

http://i.imgur.com/kdp5Z.png

http://i.imgur.com/N3Ors.png

http://i.imgur.com/WtvjN.png

program new;

// hit Q to stop


const
SHADE = FALSE;
FILE_NAME = 'monkey.obj';

SCREEN_WIDTH = 600;
SCREEN_HEIGHT = 400;

type

TPoint3D = record
x, y, z: Extended;
end;
TVector3D = TPoint3D;

TMatrix3x3 = record
Data: Array of Extended;
end;

TMatrix4x4 = record
Data: Array[0..15] of Extended;
end;

TTriangleFace = record
a, b, c: Integer;
end;

TEntity = record
Name: String;
Vertices: Array of TPoint3D;
VertexNormals: Array of TPoint3D;
Faces: Array of TTriangleFace;
FaceNormals: Array of TVector3D;
WorldPosition: TPoint3D;
end;

TLight = record
Direction: TVector3D;
end;


var
MainForm: TForm;
StartButton: TButton;


function Point3D(x, y, z: Extended): TPoint3D;
begin
Result.x := x;
Result.y := y;
Result.z := z;
end;

function Vector3D(x, y, z: Extended): TVector3D;
begin
Result.x := x;
Result.y := y;
Result.z := z;
end;

function Multiply_Point3D_Matrix3x3(p: TPoint3D; m: TMatrix3x3): TPoint3D;
begin
Result.x := (m.Data[0] * p.x) + (m.Data[1] * p.y) + (m.Data[2] * p.z);
Result.y := (m.Data[3] * p.x) + (m.Data[4] * p.y) + (m.Data[5] * p.z);
Result.z := (m.Data[6] * p.x) + (m.Data[7] * p.y) + (m.Data[8] * p.z);
end;

function DeclareLighting: Array of TLight;
begin
SetLength(Result, 1);

Result[0].Direction := Vector3D(1.0, -1.0, 0.5);
end;

procedure DrawLine(c: TCanvas; p1, p2: TPoint; Color: Integer);
begin
c.Pen.Color := Color;
c.MoveTo(p1.x, p1.y);
c.LineTo(p2.x, p2.y);
end;

procedure DrawPixel(c: TCanvas; x, y, Color: Integer);
begin
DrawLine(c, Point(x, y), Point(x, y+1), Color);
end;

function InterpolateColor(c1, c2: Integer; Percentage: Extended): Integer;
var
c1r, c1g, c1b, c2r, c2g, c2b, R, G, B: Integer;
begin
ColorToRGB(c1, c1r, c1g, c1b);
ColorToRGB(c2, c2r, c2g, c2b);


R := Round((c1r * Percentage + c2r * (1 - Percentage)));
G := Round((c1g * Percentage + c2g * (1 - Percentage)));
B := Round((c1b * Percentage + c2b * (1 - Percentage)));

Result := RGBtoColor(R, G, B);
end;

procedure DrawTriangle(const Canvas: TCanvas; const p1, p2, p3: TPoint; Color: TIntegerArray; Gouroud:Boolean);
var
DxyLeft, DxyRight, NewDxyRight, xs, xe, tv1, tv2, percenta, percentb: Extended;
i, j, a, b: Integer;
begin
tv1 := (p3.x-p1.x);
tv2 := (p3.y-p1.y);
DxyLeft := tv1/tv2;
tv1 := p2.x-p1.x;
tv2 := p2.y-p1.y;
DxyRight := tv1/tv2;

if (p2.y <> p3.y) then
begin
tv1 := p2.x-p3.x;
tv2 := p2.y-p3.y;
NewDxyRight := tv1/tv2;
end;

xs := p1.x;
xe := p1.x;

if p2.y > p1.y then
for i := p1.y to p3.y do
begin
if Gouroud then
begin


if i <= p2.y then
begin
percenta := ((100.0 / (p2.y - p1.y)) * (i - p1.y))/100; //(i - p1.y)/(p2.y - p1.y); //
a := InterpolateColor(Color[1], Color[0], percenta);
end else
begin
percenta := ((100.0 / (p3.y - p2.y)) * (i - p2.y))/100;
a := InterpolateColor(Color[2], Color[1], percenta);
end;
percentb := ((100.0 / (p3.y - p1.y)) * (i - p1.y))/100; //(i - p1.y)/(p3.y - p1.y); //
b := InterpolateColor(Color[2], Color[0], percentb);


if p2.x > p3.x then
for j := round(xs) to round(xe) do
begin
if xs = xe then
DrawPixel(Canvas, j, i, Color[0])
else
DrawPixel(Canvas, j, i, InterpolateColor(a, b, ((100 / (xe - xs)) * (j - xs))/100)); //(j - xs)/(xe - xs)));
end
else
for j := round(xs) downto round(xe) do
begin
if xs = xe then
DrawPixel(Canvas, j, i, Color[0])
else
DrawPixel(Canvas, j, i, InterpolateColor(a, b, ((100 / (xe - xs)) * (j - xs))/100)); //(j - xs)/(xe - xs)));
end;
end else
DrawLine(Canvas, Point(round(xs), i), Point(round(xe), i), Color[0]);
xs := xs + DxyLeft;
xe := xe + DxyRight;

if i = p2.y then
DxyRight := NewDxyRight;
end
else
for i := p1.y downto p3.y do
begin
if Gouroud then
begin

percenta := ((100.0 / (p1.y - p2.y)) * (i - p2.y))/100; //(i - p1.y)/(p2.y - p1.y); //
a := InterpolateColor(Color[0], Color[1], percenta);
b := InterpolateColor(Color[0], Color[2], percenta);

for j := round(xs) to round(xe) do
begin
if xs = xe then
DrawPixel(Canvas, j, i, Color[0])
else
DrawPixel(Canvas, j, i, InterpolateColor(a, b, ((100 / (xe - xs)) * (j - xs))/100)); //(j - xs)/(xe - xs)));
end
end else
DrawLine(Canvas, Point(round(xs), i), Point(round(xe), i), Color[0]);
xs := xs - DxyLeft;
xe := xe - DxyRight;
end;
end;

procedure ShadeTriangle(const Canvas: TCanvas; const p1, p2, p3: TPoint; Color: TIntegerArray; Gouroud:Boolean);
var
tpay: TPointArray;
CA: TIntegerArray;
i: Integer;
begin
tpay := [p1, p2, p3];
SortTPAByY(tpay, True);

Setlength(CA, 3);

if Gouroud then
begin
for i := 0 to 2 do
if tpay[i] = p1 then
CA[i] := Color[0]
else
if tpay[i] = p2 then
CA[i] := Color[1]
else
if tpay[i] = p3 then
CA[i] := Color[2];
end else
CA[0] := Color[0];

if (tpay[0].y = tpay[1].y) and (tpay[0].y = tpay[2].y) and (tpay[1].y = tpay[2].y) then
Exit;

if (tpay[0].y = tpay[1].y) then
begin
if tpay[0].x > tpay[1].x then
DrawTriangle(Canvas, tpay[2], tpay[0], tpay[1], [CA[2], CA[0], CA[1]], Gouroud)
else
DrawTriangle(Canvas, tpay[2], tpay[1], tpay[0], [CA[2], CA[1], CA[0]], Gouroud);
Exit;
end else
if (tpay[1].y = tpay[2].y) then
begin
if tpay[2].x > tpay[1].x then
DrawTriangle(Canvas, tpay[0], tpay[2], tpay[1], [CA[0], CA[2], CA[1]], Gouroud)
else
DrawTriangle(Canvas, tpay[0], tpay[1], tpay[2], [CA[0], CA[1], CA[2]], Gouroud);
Exit;
end;

DrawTriangle(Canvas, tpay[0], tpay[1], tpay[2], [CA[0], CA[1], CA[2]], Gouroud)
end;

function SplitRegExprEx(Expr, Data: string): TStringArray;
var
DataArr: TStringList;
I: integer;
begin
DataArr := TStringList.Create;
try
SplitRegExpr(Expr, Data, DataArr);
SetArrayLength(Result, DataArr.Count);
for I := 0 to DataArr.Count - 1 do
Result[I] := DataArr.Strings[I];
finally
DataArr.Free;
end;
end;

function CombineStringArrays(const a: Array of TStringArray): TStringArray;
var
i, j, c, l, h: Integer;
begin
h := High(a);
for i := 0 to h do
IncEx(l, Length(a[i]));

SetLength(Result, l);

c := 0;

for i := 0 to h do
for j := 0 to High(a[i]) do
begin
Result[c] := a[i][j];
Inc(c);
end;
end;

function LoadEntity(FileName: String): TEntity;
var
OBJFile: Longint;
OBJString: String;
i, c, a, b, f, SLength, tl: integer;
S: TStringArray;
SL: Array of TStringArray;
Face: TStringArray;
TmpVertexNormals: Array of TVector3D;
begin
OBJFile := OpenFile(FileName, True);
ReadFileString(OBJFile, OBJString, FileSize(OBJFile));
CloseFile(OBJFile);
S := SplitRegExprEx('\n', OBJString);

SLength := Length(S);
SetLength(SL, SLength);

c := 0;

for i := 0 to SLength-1 do
begin
if Length(S[i]) <> 0 then
if not ExecRegExpr('#', S[i]) then
begin
SL[c] := SplitRegExprEx('\s', S[i]);
Inc(c);
end;
end;

SetLength(SL, c);
tl := Length(SL);
SetLength(Result.Vertices, tl);
SetLength(TmpVertexNormals, tl);
SetLength(Result.Faces, tl);
SetLength(Result.VertexNormals, tl);

a := 0;
b := 0;
f := 0;
for i := 0 to c-1 do

if SL[i][0] = 'v' then
begin
Result.Vertices[a] := Point3d(StrToFloat(SL[i][1]), StrToFloat(SL[i][2]), StrToFloat(SL[i][3]));
Inc(a);
end else

if SL[i][0] = 'vn' then
begin
TmpVertexNormals[b] := Vector3d(StrToFloat(SL[i][1]), StrToFloat(SL[i][2]), StrToFloat(SL[i][3]));
Inc(b);
end else

if SL[i][0] = 'f' then
begin
Face := CombineStringArrays([SplitRegExprEx('\/', SL[i][1]),
SplitRegExprEx('\/', SL[i][2]),
SplitRegExprEx('\/', SL[i][3])]);

Result.Faces[f].a := StrToInt(Face[0])-1;
Result.Faces[f].b := StrToInt(Face[3])-1;
Result.Faces[f].c := StrToInt(Face[6])-1;

//WriteLn(Result.Faces[f]);
Result.VertexNormals[Result.Faces[f].a] := TmpVertexNormals[StrToInt(Face[2])-1];
Result.VertexNormals[Result.Faces[f].b] := TmpVertexNormals[StrToInt(Face[5])-1];
Result.VertexNormals[Result.Faces[f].c] := TmpVertexNormals[StrToInt(Face[8])-1];

Inc(f);
end;

SetLength(Result.Vertices, a);
SetLength(Result.VertexNormals, a);
SetLength(Result.Faces, f);
Result.Name := FILE_NAME;
Result.WorldPosition := Point3D(0, 0, 5.0);
end;

function PerspectiveProject(Vertices: Array of TPoint3D): TPointArray;
var
h, i: Integer;
begin
SetLength(Result, Length(Vertices));
h := High(Vertices);

for i := 0 to h do
with Result[i] do
begin
x := Round((Vertices[i].x * (1.0 / Vertices[i].z)) * 400);
y := Round((Vertices[i].y * (1.0 / Vertices[i].z)) * 400);
end;
end;

function RotatePointsY(p: Array of TPoint3D; pheta{radians}: Extended): Array of TPoint3D;
var
m: TMatrix3x3;
i, l: integer;
begin
SetLength(m.Data, 9);
m.Data := [Cos(pheta), 0, Sin(pheta),
0, 1, 0,
-Sin(pheta), 0, Cos(pheta)];
//WriteLn(p);

l := Length(p);
SetLength(Result, l);
for i := 0 to l-1 do
Result[i] := Multiply_Point3D_Matrix3x3(p[i], m);

//WriteLn(Result);
end;

function V_Subtract(vr1, vr2: TVector3D): TVector3D;
begin
Result.x := vr1.x - vr2.x;
Result.y := vr1.y - vr2.y;
Result.z := vr1.z - vr2.z;
end;

function Dot(vr1, vr2: TVector3D): Extended;
begin
Result := vr1.x * vr2.x + vr1.y * vr2.y + vr1.z * vr2.z;
end;

function Cross(vr1, vr2: TVector3D): TVector3D;
begin
Result := Vector3D( (vr1.y * vr2.z) - (vr1.z * vr2.y),
(vr1.z * vr2.x) - (vr1.x * vr2.z),
(vr1.x * vr2.y) - (vr1.y * vr2.x));
end;

function BackfaceCull(var e: TEntity): array of Boolean;
var
u, v, CameraVector: TVector3D;
p1, p2, p3: TPoint3D;
i, Len: Integer;
Check: Extended;
begin
Len := Length(e.Faces);
SetLength(Result, Len);
SetLength(e.FaceNormals, Len);
for i := 0 to Len-1 do
begin
p1 := e.Vertices[e.Faces[i].a];
p2 := e.Vertices[e.Faces[i].b];
p3 := e.Vertices[e.Faces[i].c];
u := V_Subtract(p2, p1);
v := V_Subtract(p3, p1);

e.FaceNormals[i] := Cross(u, v);

CameraVector := Vector3D(0, 0, 1);

Check := Dot(e.FaceNormals[i], CameraVector);

Result[i] := Check >= 0;
end;
end;

function CalculateFaceColor(FaceNormal: TVector3D; Lighting: Array of TLight): Integer;
var
Len, i: Integer;
a: Extended;
begin
Len := Length(Lighting);
for i := 0 to Len-1 do
a := Dot(Lighting[i].Direction, FaceNormal);

Result := HSLToColor(10, 50, 100 - (100*a));
end;

procedure Render(Cube: TEntity; Lighting: Array of TLight; Rotation: Extended);
var
i, L, Offsetx, Offsety, t, FaceColor, c1, c2, c3: Integer;
mbmp: TMufasaBitmap;
tbmp: TBitmap;
CubePoints: TPointArray;
Backfaces: Array of Boolean;
begin

t := GetSystemTime;

L := Length(Cube.Vertices);

Cube.Vertices := RotatePointsY(Cube.Vertices, radians(Rotation));

Backfaces := BackfaceCull(Cube);

for i := 0 to L-1 do // change to Matrix transformation if speed permits
begin
Cube.Vertices[i].x := Cube.Vertices[i].x + Cube.WorldPosition.x;
Cube.Vertices[i].y := Cube.Vertices[i].y + Cube.WorldPosition.y;
Cube.Vertices[i].z := Cube.Vertices[i].z + Cube.WorldPosition.z;
end;

//WriteLn(Cube.Vertices);
CubePoints := PerspectiveProject(Cube.Vertices);

Offsetx := SCREEN_WIDTH / 2;
Offsety := SCREEN_HEIGHT / 2;

for i := 0 to L - 1 do
begin
CubePoints[i].x := CubePoints[i].x + Offsetx;
CubePoints[i].y := (-CubePoints[i].y) + Offsety;
end;

mbmp := TMufasaBitmap.Create;
mbmp.SetSize(SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT);
//mbmp.DrawTPA(CubePoints, clWhite);
tbmp := mbmp.ToTBitmap;

//WriteLn(CubePoints[Cube.Faces[2].b]);

for i := 0 to High(Cube.Faces) do
begin
if Backfaces[i] then
Continue;
//FaceColor := CalculateFaceColor(Cube.FaceNormals[i], Lighting);
//ShadeTriangle(tbmp.Canvas, CubePoints[Cube.Faces[i].a], CubePoints[Cube.Faces[i].b], CubePoints[Cube.Faces[i].c], [FaceColor], False);

c1 := CalculateFaceColor(Cube.VertexNormals[Cube.Faces[i].a], Lighting);
c2 := CalculateFaceColor(Cube.VertexNormals[Cube.Faces[i].b], Lighting);
c3 := CalculateFaceColor(Cube.VertexNormals[Cube.Faces[i].c], Lighting);

ShadeTriangle(tbmp.Canvas, CubePoints[Cube.Faces[i].a], CubePoints[Cube.Faces[i].b], CubePoints[Cube.Faces[i].c], [c1, c2, c3], True);

//WriteLn(Cube.FaceNormals[i]);
{for j := 0 to 2 do
begin
fp1 := j;
fp2 := (j+1) mod 3;
//Writeln(i);
case fp1 of
0: p1 := CubePoints[Cube.Faces[i].a];
1: p1 := CubePoints[Cube.Faces[i].b];
2: p1 := CubePoints[Cube.Faces[i].c];
end;
case fp2 of
0: p2 := CubePoints[Cube.Faces[i].a];
1: p2 := CubePoints[Cube.Faces[i].b];
2: p2 := CubePoints[Cube.Faces[i].c];
end;
//writeln(p1);
DrawLine(tbmp.Canvas, p1, p2, clBlack);
end; }
end;

mbmp.LoadFromTBitmap(tbmp);
mbmp.DrawToCanvas(0, 0, MainForm.Canvas);
WriteLn(GetSystemTime - t);
end;

procedure Start(Sender: TObject);
var
Cube: TEntity;
Lighting: Array of TLight;
Rotation: Extended;
begin
Cube := LoadEntity(FILE_NAME);
Lighting := DeclareLighting;
Rotation := 190.0;

Render(Cube, Lighting, Rotation);

{repeat
if IsKeyDown(VK_RIGHT) then
begin
Rotation := Rotation + 10;
Render(Cube, Lighting, Rotation);
end;
if IsKeyDown(VK_LEFT) then
begin
Rotation := Rotation - 10;
Render(Cube, Lighting, Rotation);
end;
if IsKeyDown(51) then
Break;
Wait(400);
until False; }
end;

procedure InitForm;
begin
MainForm := TForm.Create(nil);

with MainForm do
begin
Caption := 'Pumbaa';
Width := SCREEN_WIDTH;
Height := SCREEN_HEIGHT;
Position := poScreenCenter;
end;

StartButton := TButton.Create(MainForm);
with StartButton do
begin
Parent := MainForm;
Caption := 'Start';
OnClick := @Start;
end;



end;

procedure SafeInitForm;
var
v: TVariantArray;
begin
setarraylength(V, 0);
ThreadSafeCall('InitForm', v);
end;

procedure ShowFormModal;
begin
MainForm.ShowModal;
end;

procedure SafeShowFormModal;
var
v: TVariantArray;
begin
setarraylength(V, 0);
ThreadSafeCall('ShowFormModal', v);
end;

procedure ShowForm;
begin
SafeInitForm;
SafeShowFormModal;
end;

begin
ShowForm;
end.

[Brandon]

For gouraud shading, don't u need a hell of a lot more polygons/shapes on the monkey? Like wayyyyyy more triangles?

[ReadySteadyGo]

For gouraud shading, don't u need a hell of a lot more polygons/shapes on the monkey? Like wayyyyyy more triangles?

It depends on the model. For the monkey, yes because it's detailed. Simpler things can still use gouraud shading effectively though.

The third one, I posted looks slightly better as I adjusted the lighting.

Another issue is that I'm not using z-sorting atm, so it not dealing with concave areas well at all, there is no order in the way faces are being rendered.

[Dan Cardin]

A couple of people have made very simple 2d things before in SCAR afaik, I remember making a very very simple rotating cube/object thing. This, however far surpasses everything done before. Very very cool.

[Wizzup?]

RSG, I could look into exporting the OGL API to scripts if that would help. I think Dgby had started some work on this actually. Then you could do this with hardware acceleration.

[Zyt3x]

A couple of people have made very simple 2d things before in SCAR afaik, I remember making a very very simple rotating cube/object thing. This, however far surpasses everything done before. Very very cool.Well, me and almost have been messing around with 3D in Simba a lot, but it's true, this surpasses that by several miles :p

[ReadySteadyGo]

RSG, I could look into exporting the OGL API to scripts if that would help. I think Dgby had started some work on this actually. Then you could do this with hardware acceleration.

That would help an insane amount. It was quite fun doing it within the virtual computer that simba provides, a great learning opportunity to learn how this stuff is actually done. But having the opengl API would make it actually possible to make realtime 3D games in Simba, which can only be a good thing for this community. Simba is a fantastic tool to learn with.

Thank you Zyt3x and Dan Cardin :P. It's not actually that big of a step from a simple cube. I've just added a parser so polygons can be created in 3D software.

[Zyt3x]

RSG, I could look into exporting the OGL API to scripts if that would help. I think Dgby had started some work on this actually. Then you could do this with hardware acceleration.You didn't want to do that last time I asked you :@ oh well, late is better than never

[Dgby714]

RSG, I could look into exporting the OGL API to scripts if that would help. I think Dgby had started some work on this actually. Then you could do this with hardware acceleration.

I was just using the opengl library when I did that.

[Kyle Undefined]

Ohh that's some cool stuff! Going to play around with it later :D

[Wizzup?]

You didn't want to do that last time I asked you :@ oh well, late is better than never

I still don't want to do it, but I'm just saying it's very possible. If someone else feels like adding it, they should feel free to do that. :p

[Silent]

This is one of the coolest things I've ever seen done with Simba. Great work man!

I agree openGL API support would be sweet, although I can't say I would have the slightest clue on where to start with any of that....

Anyway, looks bad ass, nice job.

['Toxin]

Threads like this make me feel so retarded

I feel the same way...

[ReadySteadyGo]

I could write a tutorial, if enough people are interested.

[NickMystre]

I would be interested - however, I know that it would be way over my head.

Sorry - not the kind of interest you were looking for. :)

But I am sure there are others who would love it.

[Gala]

I recently discovered this thread and I am realy impressed. I must say I was thinking myself about creating a Render- or Physicsengine.
But my knowledge of maths (matrices etc) are at the moment.
Could you make a tut I would be really glad. Or at least refer to some good sources?
(I am using such engines very often, but never understood how to code one)

[ReadySteadyGo]

I recently discovered this thread and I am realy impressed. I must say I was thinking myself about creating a Render- or Physicsengine.
But my knowledge of maths (matrices etc) are at the moment.
Could you make a tut I would be really glad. Or at least refer to some good sources?
(I am using such engines very often, but never understood how to code one)

Hi Gala. Cool that you're interested. What exactly would you like to know? The knowledge you really need is Vectors, Matrixes and how to manipulate them. Once you understand these principles it becomes very simple. Try reading through my code, I tried to keep it rather clean. Let me know if there are any specifics that you are interested in.

[Gala]

I have a good knowledge of vectors and I am learning matrixes right now. I already took a look at your script, but I couldnt understand several parts. Could you explain how exactly you used matrixes to render it? (the idea behind)

[ReadySteadyGo]

Hi Gala,

What you need to do is look into what you're actually doing. You have a view point, a plane (your screen), and the points on the object that you'd like to project. For each point you need to work out the intersection between that point and the view point. That is the idea, it's very simple. You can connect these points to draw a wireframe. Where it get's more complicated is when you want to light and shade the object. Try rendering the wireframe of a cube to get started playing with it.

Let me know how it goes!

edit: I just reread what you wrote. All matrices are used for it flexibility of working with vectors. You can do it all with just multiplication and trigonometry. Forget about matrixes until you have a good working knowledge of 3D vectors. They don't provide anything useful until you need to manipulate everything in a flexible way.

[Gala]

@ReadySteadyGo

I think I got the matrixes now. I really want to learn shading/rendering with matrixes, because my final goal is a simple game engine with matrixes/vectors, like in minecraft. (With simple, I mean really simple things like basic friction, gravity and collision.) Dynamic physics is more important than shading, so I think I won't struggle with anything other than the simple shader in your first post.

btw: Where do you get documentations about the .obj file?

[ReadySteadyGo]

@ReadySteadyGo

I think I got the matrixes now. I really want to learn shading/rendering with matrixes, because my final goal is a simple game engine with matrixes/vectors, like in minecraft. (With simple, I mean really simple things like basic friction, gravity and collision.) Dynamic physics is more important than shading, so I think I won't struggle with anything other than the simple shader in your first post.

btw: Where do you get documentations about the .obj file?

Cool.

A wavefront obj file is a text based format, so I didn't need any documentation, it's readable. 'v' = vertex, 'vt' = vertex texture, 'f' = face.